US Navy - Joint High Speed Vessels

Five years after ordering production to start the U.S. Navy received the first of ten Joint High Speed Vessels (JHSV) transports. These 103 meter (320 feet) long, $160 million ships are refined versions of the earlier HSV 2 ship developed for the U.S. Army. The army already had leased two of these HSVs, and the navy another. Good performance of these led to the JHSV. The manufacturing of the JHSVs is being done by an Australian firm in the U.S. All ten should be in service within five years. The army and the navy are seeing a more urgent need for these ships, which can quickly move troops, supplies and equipment around a theater.

 

All this began twelve years ago, when the U.S. Navy began leasing a high speed (60 kilometers an hour) catamaran, the Westpac Express, from an Australian firm, to move U.S. Marine Corps equipment around the Pacific. In this it was very successful, and this has served to prove the ability of such a catamaran design to serve in a military role.

 

This led to a new class (HSV, or High Speed Vessel) of transport ships. In 2003, the navy leased an improved design, to further test the concept. The USS Swift (HSV 2) was a twin hulled catamaran, designed and built in Australia. Based on that very successful experience with the Westpac Express, many modifications were made and the Swift was built in ten months. The design was modified so the HSV 2 could perform both transport and mine sweeping missions. The HSV is actually a small ship, 103 meters long and displaces 1,600 tons. It can carry up to 600 tons of cargo and has airline style seating for 300 troops, although up to 600 can be carried. The cargo can include vehicles of up to 70 tons each, including M-1 tanks. Vehicles are driven on and off. There is a tradeoff between tonnage carried, and speed and range. The twin hull design is also slowed down quite a bit in rough seas. This is not the kind of ship you can use much in the North Atlantic or North Pacific.

 

There is also a helicopter pad and space for two UH-60 or CH-46 class choppers. The basic crew is only 41, but there are crew quarters for 51 and the galley can feed up to 150. The important aspect of the HSV is speed. The Swift maintained a speed of 83 kilometers an hour for four hours during sea trails. The ship can cruise at 63 kilometers an hour for 2,000 kilometers, or 7,200 kilometers at 36 kilometers an hour before it has to be refueled. The HSV has four water-jets, making it very maneuverable. The Swift is going to be used mainly as a mine warfare support ship, but additional HSVs will serve as high speed transports. Weapons can include manned 25mm automatic cannon and remote controlled 12.7mm machine-gun or 40m grenade launchers.