The Syrian government fired at least four ballistic missiles last week that
hit civilian neighborhoods in Aleppo, Syria’s
largest city, killing more than 141 people, including 71 children, according to
a Human Rights Watch report released on Tuesday.
Syrian antigovernment activists had reported the
missile strikes last week, corroborated by video of the aftermath posted on the
Internet, but the Human Rights Watch report contained new details about the
number of missile strikes and the scope of destruction, with a death toll that
was far higher than previously thought.
“The extent of the damage from a single strike, the
lack of aircraft in the area at the time, and reports of ballistic missiles
being launched from a military base near Damascus
overwhelmingly suggest that government forces struck these areas with ballistic
missiles,” the report said.
The assessment came as both sides’ international
backers called with increasing urgency for a political solution but remained
unable to get the antagonists to talk. That impasse has been the main focus of
the first foreign trip by John Kerry, the new American secretary of state, who
met with his Russian counterpart, Foreign Minister Sergey V. Lavrov, on Tuesday
to try to push the Syrian combatants into talks.
Fighting intensified in Aleppo,
including around the 12th-century Umayyad Mosque, one of the architectural
centerpieces of Aleppo’s Old
City, and around a long-contested
police academy, according to rebels and the government.
The ballistic missile strikes felled entire buildings
in destruction that stands out even after months of fighting, according to
Human Rights Watch. Its researchers visited all four sites, in residential
areas, and found no evidence of military targets nearby, making the attacks a
violation of international law, the organization said.
A resident of Ard al-Hamra, one of the neighborhoods
hit, said he had just left his brother’s house after evening tea on Friday when
“the sky was lit up by a tremendous flash and all air was sucked away.”
He ran back to find that “my brother’s house was gone,”
he told Human Rights Watch. “We managed to find my five young nieces and
nephews, aged between 3 and 17 years old. They were all dead under the rubble.
We still have not found my brother. When will somebody stop this madness?”
As the death toll from the Syrian conflict exceeds
70,000, according to United Nations estimates, and the destruction of major
cities continues unabated, fears are mounting that the conflict will spread
throughout the region.
Jeffrey D. Feltman, the United Nations’ top political
official, told the Security Council during a Middle East briefing, “The
destructive military spiral churns more forcefully each day and threatens to
pull its neighbors, most notably and worrisomely Lebanon, into its vortex.”
Lebanon,
torn apart by political disagreements over Syria
and longstanding sectarian divides exacerbated by the increasingly sectarian
killing in Syria,
last week became the country hosting the largest number of Syrian refugees,
even though it is Syria’s
smallest and most politically vulnerable neighbor.
“Even tentative steps to dialogue are struggling to
take root,” Mr. Feltman said, referring to offers of negotiations issued — with
caveats and conditions — by both the Syrian opposition and government in recent
days. “Regrettably, the warring parties remain locked in military logic which
is bound to bring more death and destruction.”
Before a meeting in Rome on Thursday of the
opposition’s international backers, the main opposition group remains under
pressure to further unify and organize itself — in part to make sure there is
someone for the government to meet with should talks become possible.
The opposition group, the National Coalition of Syrian
Revolutionary and Opposition Forces, has said that on Saturday it will select a
prime minister to run an interim government to be established in rebel-held
areas of northern Syria.
But the group has set and missed such deadlines in the past, and members say
there is no consensus yet on who should fill the post.
Even if a prime minister is appointed and empowered to
negotiate with the Syrian government, it is unclear if talks will take place.
The government of President Bashar al-Assad, backed by Russia,
has long insisted that Mr. Assad be part of the process, while the opposition
coalition, backed by the United States,
declares that he cannot be.
Seeking to resolve that impasse, Mr. Kerry had his
first meeting as secretary of state with Mr. Lavrov of Russia
on Tuesday in Berlin.
The meeting covered the range of American-Russian
issues, from economic relations to adoption of Russian orphans. But more than
half of the session was devoted to the situation in Syria.
Hillary Rodham Clinton, Mr. Kerry’s predecessor as
secretary of state, believed she had worked out an agreement with the Russians
in Geneva in June that would have
established the framework for negotiations on a political transition to a
post-Assad government. But the Russians interpreted the agreement differently,
saying that the understanding that Mr. Assad should leave power could not be a
precondition for the talks.
Mr. Kerry, who has said he has new ideas on how to
advance diplomacy on Syria,
has been looking for a way to secure Russian backing for a transition.
“It was a really serious and hard-working session,”
said Victoria Nuland, the State Department’s spokeswoman. Much of the
discussion, she said, “focused on Syria
and how we can work together to implement the Geneva
agreement.”
Mr. Lavrov told Russian news agencies after the meeting
that Russia
would try to establish the conditions for initiating “a dialogue between the
government and the opposition.”
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