Chronology of the three centuries of the Russian Fleet: Introduction

1696.

Boyar Duma approved Peter the Great’ Decree on building a regular fleet on the Azov Sea. At the Voronezh Shipyard the first galley “Principium” (penal servitude) was constructed. Glorious victory in the city of Azov (Azak) was won with the help of galleys which were the first military units of the Russian Fleet.

1698.

A Naval Department was officially established. The first Naval Academy was solemnly opened in Moscow and later it was moved to Azov.

1700.

Sailing fleet was separated from rowing one. The beginning of war with Sweden (Northern War). An attempt of the Swedish squadron to seize the city of Arkhangelsk was successfully repulsed. Sergey Ivanovich Chelyuskin, an outstanding polar explorer, was born.

1701.

Navigation School was opened in Moscow.

1702.

The foundations of the first ships and vessels for the Baltic Sea Fleet were laid (a shipyard on the river Siyas’). Noteburg (Fortress Oreshek) was won back and renamed in Schlisselburg (Petrokrepost’).

1703.

The first epoch-making victory in the Northern War. The first sea-going ship “Standard” for the Baltic Sea Fleet was launched. Fortress Kronshlot, at the sandbank of the Kotlin Island, was erected. Admiralty School was opened in Voronezh. The first medal for the Marine Victory “In the memory of the seizure of the two Swedish ships in the mouth of the Neva river” was introduced. Navigation School was moved to Saint-Petersburg.

1704.

Foundation of Kronshtadt. The beginning of the Saint-Petersburg Shipyard construction works. Aleksey Ivanovich Nagaev, the author of hydrographs, first atlases and sailing directions of the Baltic Sea, cartographer, admiral, was born.

1705.

Tsar Peter the Great’ Decree on Naval regiment establishment (initial step in the Marines organization). Defense of Saint-Petersburg during the Northern war.

1706.

The rank of Admiral was introduced.

1707.

Transfer of full naval authority to the Admiralty President admiral Fedor Matveevich Apraksin and his deputy Vice-Admiral Kornely Ivanovich Kruice.

1709.

The foundation of the first battleship “Poltava” was laid at the Shipyard (in accordance with Peter I and Feodosiy Sklyaev project). On the Shipyard premises a model – chamber, the first Naval Museum in Russia, was built (Central Naval Museum).

1710.

Vyborg was won back.

1711.

Cannon casting yard was founded in Saint-Petersburg. Admiralty School was opened in Arkhangelsk.

1712.

Galley Yard was established in Saint-Petersburg. Naval and Admiralty decrees were abolished following the establishment of the Naval Chancellery. The first Baltic Sea Fleet battleship “Poltava” was successfully launched.

1713.

Admiral Grigoriy Andreevich Spiridonov, who laid the foundations of naval maneuver strategy, was born. A draft of paddle boats construction was proposed by Aleksey Burtsev, master of a Saint-Petersburg Partikulyarnaya Shipyard.

1714.

The first triumphant victory in the history of the Russian Fleet over the Swedish squadron near Gangut Peninsula (Hanko). Gold medal for Officers and Silver medal for Sailors “In memory of the Gangut Battle” were introduced.

1715.

Saint-Petersburg Admiralty Hospital was founded (the first naval hospital).

1716.

Naval Academy (Academy of Naval Guards) was established in Saint-Petersburg. Naval Statute and regulations were put in force; military ranks system was brought in due order.

1717.

Admiralty Board, superior navy management body, was established

1719.

Cruel battle with a Swedish group of ships near Ezel Island.

1720.

Victory, won by the Galley Fleet under the command of General M.M. Golitsyn, over a Swedish squadron near Grengam Island (Aland Islands). The first Naval statute, worked out by Peter the Great, was published; it was called “Naval Statute on Everything that has a Relation to a Proper Fleet Management at Sea”.

1721.

The Northern war was finished. Nishtadt Treaty was made in accordance with which Russia gained predominance in the Baltic Sea. Rowing port was founded in Saint-Petersburg.

1722.

”Table of Ranks” was introduced: General-Admiral (1708-1908), Admiral (1699-1917), Vice-Admiral (1699-1917), Rear-Admiral (1699-1917), Captain-Commander (1707-1827), Captain I rank (1713-1917), Captain II rank (1713-1927), Captain III rank (VIII Century), Lieutenant-Commander (1706-1911), Senior Lieutenant (1907-1917), Lieutenant (1701-1917), Midshipman/Warrant Officer (1713-1917). Formation of the Caspian Navy Flotilla.

1723.

The construction of the Sestroretsk Plant for Fire-arms and Cold Steel arms production for the needs of the Army and Navy was finished.

1724.

Navy Archival Depository in the building of the Admiralty Board was established. “Undercover ship”, built by E.P. Nikonov, was tested. The city of Okhotsk was declared a military port.

1725.

Reefers School was opened in Kronshtadt.

1726.

Vasiliy Yakovlevich Chichagov, polar explorer and admiral, was born.

1728.

Reefer company was formed with the Naval Academy in Saint-Petersburg.

1730.

Arkhangelsk Admiralty School was opened.

1731.

Okhtinsk Navigation School was opened.

1732.

Naval Commission was established for the purpose of Fleet management improvement.

1733.

Don (Azov) Naval Flotilla was formed.

1735.

Samuel Karlovich Greig, the Baltic Fleet Admiral, was born.

1736.

Azov was won back with the help of Don flotilla.

1737.

Dnestr Naval Flotilla was formed.

1739.

Yakutsk Navigation School was opened.

1744.

Fedor Fedorovich Ushakov, an outstanding naval commander and admiral, was born.

1752.

(Polish) Gentry School with the Saint-Petersburg Naval Academy was opened.

1753.

Irkutsk Navigation School was opened.

1754.

Narchinsk Navigation School was opened.

1763.

Dmitriy Nikolaevich Senyavin, a naval commander and admiral, was born.

1766.

Naval Assembly for naval officers training was established in Revel. Platon Yakovlevich Gamaleya, captain-commander, author of numerous scientific works on meteorology, astronomy, navigation and naval practice, hydrology and navy history, was born.

1767.

Admiral Pavel Vasilievich Chichagov was born.

1768.

The beginning of the Russian-Turkish war (1767-1774).

1769.

“St. George” Order of 4 Classes was instituted.

1770.

Victory at Chesma. “Medal for the Participation in the Chesma Battle” was instituted. Ivan Fedorovich Kruzenshtern, a seafarer and admiral, was born.

1771.

Danube Rowing Flotilla was formed.

1772.

Professional shipbuilder Ivan Petrovich Amosov was born.

1773.

Seafarer Jury Fedorovich Lisyanskiy was born.

1774.

The end of the Russian-Turkish war. Kuchuk – Kainardzhiyskiy Treaty was signed.

1776.

Seafarer and admiral Vasiliy Mikhailovich Golovnin was born.

1778.

Faddey Faddeevich Bellinshausen, an admiral and seafarer who discovered Antarctica in 1820, was born.

1781.

Vasiliy Artemievich Ershov, a shipbuilder and lieutenant-general, was born. The first Russian Nautical School was opened in Holmogory.

1782.

Kherson Naval College was established. “St. Vladimir Order” of 4 Classes was instituted.

1783. Naval forces at the south of Russia were named the Black Sea Fleet. Foundation of the city of Sebastopol.

1784.

Naval specialized college was opened in Saint-Petersburg. 1786.

Karl Andreevich Schilder, marine engineer and author of the submarines construction project, was born.

1787.

The beginning of the Russian-Turkish war over Crimea.

1788.

Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev, an admiral, seafarer, naval commander and discoverer of Antarctica, was born. “Medal for Valour and Courage in the waters of Ochakov” was instituted in honour of the Russian rowing flotilla victory in the battle of Ochakov.

1798.

Medal on the ribbon of Order of St. George “For the Victory over Sweden in the waters of Finland” was instituted.

1790.

Medal on the ribbon of Order of St. Vladimir “For the Signing of the Peace Treaty with Sweden” was instituted.

1791.

The Russian-Turkish war was finished.

1791.

The Black Sea Artillery College was opened in Kherson.

1797.

Fedor Petrovich Litke, an admiral and Arctic zone explorer, was born. Seafarer and admiral Ferdinand Petrovich Vrangell was born.

1798.

Naval Architecture College was opened in Saint-Petersburg.

1799.

Korfu Island was seized by the joint Russian-Turkish fleet under the command of F.F. Ushakov.

1800.

Ivan Afanasievich Amosov, a shipbuilder and engineer-general, was born.

1802.

Naval commander and admiral Pavel Stepanovich Nakhimov was born.

1805.

Central Naval Library was opened.

1806.

The beginning of the Russian-Turkish war (1806-1812).

1808.

Pavel Ivanovich Kruzenshtern, a seafarer and admiral, was born.

1809.

Rear-Admiral Vladimir Ivanovich Istomin was born.

1810.

The 2nd Baltic Naval depot, as a coastal part of the Baltic Fleet, was formed.

1812.

Semen Iliich Zelenoy, a scientist, admiral and author of hydrographs, was born.

1813.

Gennadiy Ivanovich Nevelskiy, a traveler, explorer and admiral, was born.

1815.

The first Russian steamship “Elizaveta” was built in Saint-Petersburg.

1817.

Ivan Fedorovich Aleksandrovskiy, an inventor in the field of submarines construction, was born.

1819.

St. George stern flag, which was designed on the basis of the Imperial Russian Navy ensign, was approved. Sloops “Mirniy” and “Vostok”, under the command of M.P. Lazarev and F.F. Bellinshausen, set off from the city of Kronshtadt for the first Antarctic research expedition.

1820.

Grigoriy Ivanovich Butakov was born (1820 - 1882) – admiral (1878), military steam fleet strategy and tactics originator.

1821.

Andrey Aleksandrovich Popov was born (1821-1898) – shipbuilder and admiral (1891).

1823.

The foundation of the first Russian steam battleship “Meteor” was laid.

1825.

Aleksandr Fedorovich Mozhayskiy was born (1825-1890) – Rear-Admiral (1886), inventor in the field of aeronautics and aerostatics.

1827.

Navarinsk Battle. The joint Russian-English-French squadron routed the Turkish-Egyptian Fleet completely. Hydrographic Service was established.

1829.

”Medal for the Russian-Turkish war” was instituted. Legendary battle of the “Mercury” brig (under the command of Lieutenant commander A.I. Kazarskiy) with two Turkish battleships.

1830.

Ivan Petrovich Belovenets was born (1830-1878) – a compass adjuster/deviator scientist, Russian pioneer of the magnetic-compass science.

1831.

Ilia Pavlovich Alymov was born (1831-1884) – naval architecture scientist.

1834.

In accordance with K.A. Schilder’s project, the first all-metal submarine, which was set in motion by sailors-oarsmen, was built in Saint-Petersburg (at that time it was an unparalleled invention). Pavel Pavlovich Kruzenshtern was born (1834-1871) – Lieutenant commander and Arctic explorer.

1836.

The first 28-cannon paddle-wheel steam-frigate “Bogatyr” (“Epic Hero”) was launched.

1839.

Ivan Petrovich Kolong was born (1839-1901) – Major-General (1893), naval navigation scientist.

1841.

Medal on the ribbon of Order of St. Anne “For Diligence” was instituted (it was given to the low-rank seamen who served at the Guards Division for 22 years and in the Navy – for 25 years).

1843.

Stepan Karlovich Dzhevetskiy was born (1843-1938) – an engineer, submarines inventor. Piotr Akindinovich Titov was born (1843-1894) – a shipbuilder, inventor of caisson for submarine underbody repair without docking.

1846.

In accordance with K.A. Schilder’s project, battle steamship “Otvazhnost” was built; it was a prototype of future torpedo-boat destroyers. Erast Evgenievich Gulyaev was born (1846-1919) – battleships constructor, lieutenant commander (1908).

1847.

Shipbuilding scientist Nikolay Egorovich Zhukovskiy was born (1847-1921).

1848.

The first screw frigate “Archimedes” was launched. The first issue of a Naval magazine “Naval Collection” was published.

1849.

Stepan Osipovich Makarov was born (1849-1904) – naval commander, Vice-Admiral (1896).

1853.

The beginning of the Crimean War (1853-1856). Battle of Sinopsk. The first in the history naval steamships battle – steam frigates “Vladimir” and “Pervaz-Bakhry”.

1854.

The beginning of the heroic and selfless defence of Sebastopol during the Crimean war.

1855.

Medal “For Defence of Sebastopol” was instituted.

1856.

Medal “In the memory of the War of 1853-1856” was instituted. Juliy Mikhailovich Shokalskiy was born (1856-1940) – oceanography scientist, cartographer.

1858.

Andrey Ippolitovich Vilkitskiy was born (1858-1913) – Arctic explorer, hydrographer-geodesist, lieutenant-general.

1863.

Aleksey Nikolaevich Krylov was born (1863-1945) – shipbuilder scientist, mechanic and mathematician. The historical friendly visit of the Russian Fleet squadron to the USA.

1864.

The first in the world construction of an ice-breaker “Pilot” began (M.O. Britnev’s project).

1865.

The first self-propelled torpedo-mine was constructed by I.F. Aleksandrovskiy.

1866.

In accordance with the project, proposed by I.F. Aleksandrovskiy, compressed-air engine submarine was built.

1867.

À.À. Popov developed a detailed project of a sea-going battleship construction.

1869.

Mikhail Petrovich Naletov, inventor of the first-ever underwater minelayer, was born (1869-1938)

1872.

The first turret battleship “Peter the Great” was launched. Ivan Grigorievich Bubnov, the founder of the ship structural mechanics, was born (1872-1919).

1873.

The first ocean-going armored cruiser “General-Admiral” was launched.

1874.

The first Russian minelayer “Galvaner” was built. Aleksandr Pavlovich Shershov was born (1874-1959) – engineer-shipbuilder and Vice-Admiral.

1875.

Evgeniy Victorovich Tarle was born (1875-1965) – a historian who made an important contribution to the Russian Naval history study.

1877.

The beginning of the Russian-Turkish war (1877-1878). Torpedo-mine weaponry was used for the first time. The first sea-going torpedo-boat “Vzryv” (“Explosion”) was launched in Saint-Petersburg.

1878ã.

Medal “In Memory of the Russian-Turkish war 1877-1878” was instituted. “Medal for Courage” for the low-rank seamen was instituted (since 1913 it has been called “St. George Medal”). The first torpedo weaponry application by boats.

1879.

Nikolay Nikolaevich Matusevich was born (1879-1950) – Vice-Admiral (1943), hydrographer – geodesist.

1880.

S.K. Dzhevetskiy introduced, for the first time in the world history, a submarine with an accumulator-generated electrical engine.

1881.

Vladimir Polievktovich Kostenko was born (1881-1956) – a shipbuilder and Soviet Union shipbuilding organizer.

1883.

Shipbuilding scientist Valentin Lvovich Pozdyunin was born (1883-1948). Julian Aleksandrovich Shimanskiy, a shipbuilder and professor (1938), was born (1883-1962).

1884.

The world’s first submarine with an accumulator-generated electrical engine was launched (author of the project - S.K. Dzhevetskiy).

1885.

Boris Andreevich Vilkitskiy, a scientist and hydrographer-geodesist, was born (1885 - 1961). Nikolay Nikolaevich Zubov was born (1885-1960) – ocean scientist and Rear-Admiral-Engineer (1945). Valery Evgenievich Lyakhnitskiy was born (1885-1960) – a scientist in the fields of hydraulic engineering and port facilities and installations planning.

1887.

The first mine cruiser “Lieutenant Iliin” was built in Saint-Petersburg. Amur Military Flotilla formation.

1888.

Mikhail Iosifovich Yanovskiy was born (1888-1949) – a shipbuilder and specialist in the field of marine turbine construction.

1889.

Boris Mikhailovich Malinin was born (1889-1949) – a shipbuilding scientist, author of the submarines projects of D-type, L-type and Shch-type.

1892.

Shipbuilding scientist Lev Markovich Nogid was born (1892-1972).

1894.

Ivan Stepanovich Isakov, Admiral of the Soviet Union Fleet (1955), was born (1894-1967).

1896.

Vasiliy Grigorievich Vlasov was born (1896-1959) – an outstanding scientist, prominent naval architecture expert.

1897.

S.K. Dzhevetskiy invented a tubeless submarine torpedo-launching gear.

1901.

The first military submarine “Dolphin” was developed (author of the project – I.G. Bubnov). Nikolay Evgraphovich Kochin was born (1901-1944) – a remarkable scientist and ship heaving theory expert.

1902.

Nikolay Gerasimovich Kuznetsov, Admiral of the Soviet Union Fleet (1955), was born (1902-1974).

1903.

The world’s first diesel-motor ship was launched.

1904.

The beginning of the Russian-Japanese war (1904-1905). Legendary battle of the cruiser “Varyag” and gunboat “Koreets” with the Japanese squadron. Tragic death of Vice-Admiral O.O. Makarov in the explosion of the battleship “Petropavlovsk”. The first military submarine “Dolphin” was launched at the Baltic Shipbuilding Plant in Saint-Petersburg. Battleship “Potemkin” was put in operation. Medal on the ribbon of St. Andrew Order “In the Memory of the Chemul’po Battle accepted by “Varyag” and “Koreets” was established.

1905.

Tragic period in the history of the Russian Fleet – terrible defeat of the Fleet in the Tsusima Battle, loss of twelve battleships.

1906.

The first Russian training underwater voyage group was formed in Libave (Liepae).

1907.

Following the innovative project, proposed by S.K. Dzhevetskiy, a submarine “Pochtovy” with a single gasoline engine used for both underwater and surface navigation was constructed. Squadron battleships were renamed in battleships. Medal on the ribbon of St. Alexander and St. George Order “In the Memory of the Russian-Japanese War” was instituted.

1909.

Submarine “Minoga”, constructed by I.G. Bubnov, was built. For the first time in the shipbuilding history, reversible diesel engines were used.

1910.

Diesel-powered armored cruiser project was elaborated by N.N. Kuteynikov. The world’s first anti-mine ship “Minrep” was put into service.

1911.

Search for submarine was done for the first time with the help of an airplane (pilot – V.V. Dybovskiy). Naval pilots group was formed in Sebastopol. Battleships of “Sebastopol” type were put into service.

1912.

Naval aviation formation at the Baltic Sea Fleet. The world’s first underwater minelayer “Krab”, constructed in accordance with M.P. Naletov’s project, was launched.

1913.

Destroyer “Novik” was put into service. It was the first Russian turbine warship that held a world speed record for warships (37.7 knots).

1914.

The construction of the first home-made battleship-dreadnoughts. The naval aviation was put in operation in the extreme climatic conditions of the Far North region (by Lieutenant Y. Nagurskiy on airplane while searching for the lost expedition led by G. Sedov). Near the city of Sebastopol the Russian Naval aircraft, for the first time in the world’s history, bombarded an enemy’s warship (German battleship “Geben”).

1915.

Underwater minelayer “Krab” was launched. Submarines of “Bars” type were put in operation at the Baltic Sea Fleet. Battle of Gotland – repulse of the German Fleet attempt to enter the Gulf of Riga.

1916.

Arctic Ocean Flotilla formation.

1917.

October Revolt in Petrograd. Ensign of the Imperial Russian Navy was replaced with an International one (red cloth with no emblems and writings).

1918.

Decree on Workers’ and Peasants’ Red Fleet Formation was signed. Arctic Voyage from Revel to Kronshtadt was undertaken by the Baltic Sea Fleet. Most part of the Black Sea Fleet was flooded down. Formation of the Azov Sea, Chudskoe Lake, Volga River and Onega Lake Flotillas as well as the Astrakhan region Navy.

1919.

Upheaval at the forts of “Krasnaya Gorka” and “Seraya Loshad”. English torpedo-boat destroyer “Victoria” was ruined by the Russian submarine “Pantera”. Formation of the Don River and Dnestr River military flotillas.

1920.

The White Sea Military flotilla formation.

1921.

Kronshtadt Upheaval.

1923.

Establishment of the Military and Naval People’s Commissariat.

1924.

A group of the Workers’ and Peasants’ Red Fleet ships set off for the first over-sea campaign.

1925.

The first Statute of the Workers’ and Peasants’ Red Fleet Naval Service came into force.

1926.

The foundation of the first series of “Decabrist”-type submarines was laid (chief constructor – B.M. Malinin). The first Soviet-made torpedo boat “Pervenets” ANT-3 was tested (chief constructor – A.N. Tupolev). The foundation of series of “Uragan”-type guard-ships was laid.

1928.

Serial torpedo boat ANT-4 was launched. The Baltic Sea Fleet was awarded with Order of the Red Banner for the services in battle.

1929.

The first military Statute of the Red Army Naval forces (BU-30). Submarines of “Decabrist” type came to take the place of “Bars”.

1932.

The Pacific Ocean Fleet formation. Naval Statute (KU-32) was implemented.

1933.

The Northern Sea Fleet formation. Submarines “Shchuka” and “Leninets” (following the project of B.M. Malinin) were launched.

1934.

Submarine “Malyutka” (following the project of B.M. Malinin) was launched.

1935.

The Naval Ensign of the USSR was established. The world’s first air-cushion ship, which was constructed in accordance with the project of V.I. Levkov, was put to the test. Military rank system was introduced.

1937.

Naval aviation, finally, became one of the key parts of the Russian Fleet (the Air Forces of the Navy). Provisional military statute and training regulations (BUMS-37) were introduced.

1938.

Chief Navy Council was established.

1939.

Ladoga Naval flotilla formation. Submarine “K-1”, which had been made according to the project of M.A. Rudnitskiy, was put into operation. Marines were organized into an integral part of the Navy. Day of the Navy was chosen and officially established.

1941.

The beginning of the Great Patriotic War. Airplanes of the Air Forces bombarded Berlin. Heroic defence of Liepae. Heroic defence of Hanko. The beginning of the military defensive operation in the polar region. The first artillery battle of the surface ships while defending the Gulf of Riga. Seamen actively participated in the Battle of Leningrad. Defence of Tallinn, which was the main naval base of the Red Baltic Sea Fleet. Defence of Odessa. The Russian ships managed to break the enemy’s opposition and go from Tallinn to Kronshtadt. The birth of Soviet Guards. Defence of Sebastopol – the main naval base of the Black Sea Fleet. Kerch-Feodossiya landing operation.

1942.

Defence of Novorossiysk. Repulse of an attack of a heavy cruiser “Admiral Scheer” on Port Dikson. Defence of Tuapse.

1943.

Cruiser “Kirov”, the first among the Red Baltic Sea Fleet surface ships, was granted the Order of the Red Banner. Nakhimov Naval Schools organization. Novorossiysk landing operation. Kerch-Eltigen landing operation.

1944.

Odessa defence operation, Nikolaevskiy landing party was landed. Vyborg offensive action was launched. Narva offensive action was launched. Baltic Sea area strategic offensive operation was launched. Moonzund landing operation. Petsam-Kirkeness operation.

1945.

Submarine “S-13”, under the command of A.I. Marinesco, managed to ruin the battleship “Wilhelm Gustav” and large-scale transport “General von Schteuben”. Capitulation of Germany. Seisin landing operation. Kurilly landing operation – the last operation during the World War II.

1950.

Lightweight cruisers of “Sverdlov” type were put into service. Naval Ministry of the USSR was formed.

1953.

The beginning of the nuclear-powered missile-carrying and multi-purpose submarines construction as well as surface ships of the 2nd post-war generation.

1955.

The first ballistic rocket was launched from a soviet submarine.

1959.

The world’s first nuclear-powered ice-breaker “Lenin” was put into service.

1962.

Nuclear-powered submarine “Leninskiy Komsomol” reached the North Pole.

1963.

Order of the Red Banner was given to the Red Baltic Sea Fleet, Black Sea Fleet, North Sea Fleet and Pacific Ocean Fleet. Under-ice navigation; a submarine reached the North Pole. 1966.

The world’s first group circumnavigation was undertaken by several Soviet submarines under the command of Rear-Admiral A.I. Sorokin.

1970.

Maneuvers of “Ocean”-class were conducted by the Soviet Union Navy in the Atlantic, Pacific and Arctic Oceans as well as neighboring seas.

1974.

Military sweeping of the Suez Canal by the Soviet Navy ships.

1975.

The first Soviet aircraft-carrying cruiser “Kirov” was put into service.

1978.

The first group under-ice navigation was undertaken by several Soviet submarines in the Arctic Ocean.

1981.

Nuclear-powered missile-carrying cruiser “Kirov” was put into service. Trainings and tactical exercises “West-81” were conducted in the Baltic Sea.

1982.

Famous oceanographic ships “Admiral Vladimirskiy” and “Faddey Bellinshausen” set off for an Antarctic expedition following the route of the first Russian Antarctic expedition which had been undertaken by F.F. Bellinshausen and M.P. Lazarev. A group of the North Sea Fleet submarines conducted a 47-day under-ice campaign.

1983.

Missile-carrying cruisers of “Slava” type were put into operation.

1985.

Heavy-weight aircraft-carrying cruiser “Admiral Kuznetsov” was put into operation.

1990.

Coastal rocket-artillery troops and marines were reorganized into Coastal Defense Troops of the Navy.

1992.

Imperial Russian Navy Ensign was approved.

1993.

Russian warships paid official visits to Canada and the USA. Russian warships made calls into 11 foreign ports.

1998.

Web-server of the Russian Navy was created.